Signed by the photographer on the bottom right recto of this large abstract photograph. Titled in the photographer's hand in pencil on the verso. The Citadelle des Baux at the summit of the village of Les-Baux-de-Provence has now become a major tourist destination in Provence, France. One of the features of the old fortress is the remains of a very large "pigeonnier" (dovecote), which is shown in this image. The right to own a pigionnier was a lordly privilege. In 1821, geologist Pierre Berthier discovered a substance in Les Baux that was not a distinct mineral but rather a material composed of a variety of minerals, primarily aluminum hydrates. A few decades later, in 1858, a method was found for easily extracting usable aluminum from the substance, and it was named bauxite in honor of the town where it was discovered. Provenance: Photographer's Estate; Andre Jammes. Shipping and insurance costs will be added to the price and must be paid for by the buyer. Pennsylvania buyers must pay appropriate local sales tax. International clients are responsible for their VAT and other custom's oriented charges.